Lesson 2: Early Human Migration (The Stone Ages and Early Cultures)
🌍 People Move Out of Africa
A long time ago, early humans lived only in Africa. But they didn’t stay there forever!
❄️ The Ice Ages
During the Ice Ages, the world became much colder. Huge parts of Earth were covered in ice and snow. Water turned to ice, so the ocean levels dropped.
This created land bridges — dry land between continents. People could walk from one place to another!
🌉 Fun Fact: One land bridge connected Asia to North America. It is now underwater, but it helped people move into the Americas!
🚶♀️ Settling in New Lands
Early people followed herds of animals and moved to new places:
From Africa to Asia
From Asia to Europe
Later to Australia and the Americas
They walked for many years, slowly spreading across the world. They crossed deserts, forests, and icy lands!
🎒 Imagine: You and your family walk across a frozen land with reindeer and mammoths nearby. You make fires at night to stay warm, and you sleep in animal-skin tents!
🧥 People Adapt to New Environments
When people moved to different places, they had to change how they lived.
🧤 Clothing and Shelter
In cold places, people could not survive with just a simple cloth or animal skin.
They made warm clothes from animal furs
They built strong shelters like caves, wooden huts, or even snow houses (like igloos!)
In hot places, people used light clothes and built homes from mud, leaves, or grass.
🛖 Story: In cold Europe, early humans lived in caves. They painted pictures of animals on the walls and used fire to keep warm. In warmer Africa, people made homes from mud bricks and dry grass.
🪓 New Tools and Technologies
New lands needed new tools!
In forests, people made axes to cut trees
In cold places, they made needles from bones to sew warm clothes
They used boats to cross rivers and fish
They even made sleds to carry things across snow!
🧠 Fun Fact: These early humans were inventors! They used what they had to survive in very different places.
🗺️ Why It Matters
The journey of early humans shows how brave and smart they were.
They moved across the world without cars or planes
They adapted to hot deserts, icy lands, and deep forests
They started the first global human community!
🌟 These early travelers are our ancestors — they began the human story that still continues today!